Amphetamine and methamphetamine use disorder Symptoms, diagnosis and treatment

Amphetamine users frequently develop dependence, often referred to as a substance use disorder. Although adherence was reported in most of the studies reviewed here, the methods and definitions were discordant across studies. When plasma was assessed for active study drug/metabolite, there was no measurable metabolite included in the placebo, and the control data is therefore missing.

Overdose treatment

In people with narcolepsy, it helps with alertness and wakefulness. Treatment of overdose will partly depend on the symptoms you have. Before approving coverage for Adderall, your insurance company may require you to get prior authorization. This means that your doctor and insurance company will need to communicate about your prescription before the insurance company will cover the drug. The insurance company will review the prior authorization request and decide if the drug will be covered. Adderall XR capsules are approved for treating ADHD in children ages 6 years and older.

Strength and limitations of this study

Some amphetamines are not approved for medical use and are manufactured and used illegally. Alarmingly, the risk from use has been escalating due to the increasing potency of illicit stimulants and the rising usage of stimulants in combination with opioids, which heightens toxicity. The Drug Enforcement Agency’s most recent National Drug Threat Assessment reports a steady or increasing availability and potency of cocaine and methamphetamine at low prices, suggesting these distressing trends may worsen.

How we reviewed this article:

• The following information is provided for clinicians and other healthcare professionals.
• A comprehensive assessment of the research literature on pharmacotherapy for AMPH/MA dependence may inform treatment guidelines and future research directions.
• Norepinephrine is a neurotransmitter, a chemical that sends messages between cells.
• This means that it can cause psychological or physical dependence and has the potential for misuse (also called abuse).
• These medications should only be taken together if your doctor prescribes them.

According to the DSM-5 criteria, a diagnosis of substance use disorder (SUD) requires meeting at least 2 of the Substance abuse specified criteria within a 12-month period. However, it’s important to note that for prescription medications taken as directed by a doctor, developing tolerance or dependence does not necessarily indicate a SUD and would not be counted among the 2 required criteria. In 2020, about 5.1 million people in the United States reported misusing prescription stimulants, such as Adderall, within the past year.

• It is also important to give a healthcare professional all the facts so that they can work with a person to develop the best possible treatment plan for them as an individual.
• This is usually temporary, and growth typically catches up over time.
• A small effect size was considered as 0.2–0.49, a moderate effect size was considered as 0.5–0.79 and a large effect size was greater than 0.80 13.
• The intensity of the effects, which can last from six to twelve hours, is related to both the dose of the drug and its purity.
• However, Adderall is sometimes used for purposes that aren’t approved by the FDA.
• Some people who take Adderall or similar stimulant medication along with antidepressant medication have improved depression symptoms.
• While measures of craving reduced significantly more in the treatment arm than placebo, there was no difference in end-of-treatment abstinence between groups.

Prozac is a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) antidepressant that can improve symptoms of depression. Adderall is used to Amphetamine Addiction treat attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and narcolepsy. If you stop taking it, the symptoms of your condition may return. People may sometimes misuse Adderall without their doctor’s recommendation or prescription. In some cases, this type of misuse of Adderall can lead to taking too much of the drug.

• The generic version and the brand-name version (Provigil) of modafinil usually cost more than the brand-name and generic versions of Adderall.
• Identifying addiction isn’t always easy and it’s best to leave diagnosis to healthcare professionals.
• Abstinence as an outcome can be determined by self-report, or by negative UDS at time points pre-determined (see Table 5).
• Researchers have also studied amphetamines for use in people with obesity, narcolepsy, cocaine dependence, and other conditions.
• Adderall helps improve concentration and focus, while Xanax is calming and can help relieve symptoms of anxiety.
• Furthermore, no harm was reported by patients who received pharmacological treatments or BCBT alone or combined.

Talk with your healthcare provider if you feel like you are dependent on amphetamines or if they are not working to alleviate your symptoms. Providers will monitor how your body reacts to amphetamines to see if they alleviate your symptoms and prevent side effects, especially addiction. A person’s tolerance begins slowly, which could result in dependence over time.

• Exploratory factor analysis, face and content validity, concurrent validity, convergent validity, congruent validity, and discriminant validity were conducted to validate the quality of the developed instrument.
• Due to the limited number of studies, conducting a meta-analysis was not feasible.
• Due to limited number of studies, there is still a need for further studies of the effectiveness of pharmacological treatments in combination with BCBT for amphetamines abuse.
• This comprises both studies that only enrolled males (nine studies, 21%) 24, 29, 30, 34, 46, 52, 55, 57, 58 and those enrolling both males and females but with higher male enrolments.
• The authors suggest that the nil result may be due to the short half-life of ondansetron (approximately 5 h) and suggest a sustained-release formulation or more aggressive dosing may give more efficacious results.

Amphetamines are prescription medications or illegal substances that are also known as stimulants, as they speed up your metabolism and increase your alertness. When legally prescribed, they are typically used to treat attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and narcolepsy. Some negative effects have been seen in infants born to people who have taken drugs similar to Adderall during pregnancy. These include an increased risk of being born premature, having low birth weight, or having symptoms of drug withdrawal. Both medications can cause psychological and physical dependence and can be misused. The demographic form was used to collect information on participants’ such as sex, age, level of education, marital status, occupation, average income, source of income, marital status of parents, Who do you currently live with?

Evidence Based

Studies also suggest that relapse rates can range from 40–75%14,15. The prevalence of amphetamine relapse among adolescents is also substantial, with a significant number of youths reporting ever using the drug. Indeed, other studies have confirmed the high relapse rates among ATS users. For instance, the previous research demonstrated that 61% of amphetamine users experienced relapse within one year after completing treatment16.

What Is the Difference Between Amphetamine and Methamphetamine?

Your doctor may also prescribe other medications to help relieve symptoms of anxiety, depression, and aggression. Taking Adderall with cannabis (marijuana) can increase your risk of heart-related side effects. These include rapid heartbeat, arrhythmia (irregular heartbeat), and heart attack. Adderall helps improve concentration and focus in people with ADHD. Zoloft is a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) antidepressant that can improve symptoms of depression. It’s also used to treat anxiety, panic attacks, obsessive-compulsive disorder, premenstrual dysphoric disorder, and other conditions.

In some studies, nausea occurred in 5 percent to 8 percent of people taking Adderall XR. When taken at typical doses for conditions such as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), Adderall doesn’t usually cause a feeling of being high. In stage 1, questionnaire items were formulated using insights from in-depth interviews and pilot testing, incorporating the original item list and other instruments intended for stage 2. Stage 2 involved validating these questionnaire items based on their psychometric properties. Effectively evaluating resilience requires the development of instruments that are reliable, consistent, and appropriately designed23.